[Koolman J.

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//-->Color Atlas ofBiochemistrySecond edition, revised and enlargedJan KoolmanProfessorPhilipps University MarburgInstitute of Physiologic ChemistryMarburg, GermanyKlaus-Heinrich RoehmProfessorPhilipps University MarburgInstitute of Physiologic ChemistryMarburg, Germany215 color plates by Juergen WirthThiemeStuttgart · New YorkIVLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataImportant note:Medicine is an ever-changingscience undergoing continual development.Research and clinical experience are continu-ally expanding our knowledge, in particularour knowledge of proper treatment and drugtherapy. Insofar as this book mentions anydosage or application, readers may rest as-sured that the authors, editors, and publishershave made every effort to ensure that suchreferences are in accordance withthe state ofknowledge at the time of production of thebook.Nevertheless, this does not involve, im-ply, or express any guarantee or responsibilityon the part of the publishers in respect to anydosage instructions and forms of applicationsstated in the book.Every user is requested toexamine carefullythe manufacturers’ leafletsaccompanying each drug and to check, if nec-essary in consultation with a physician orspecialist, whether the dosage schedulesmentioned therein or the contraindicationsstated by the manufacturers differ from thestatements made in the present book. Suchexamination is particularly important withdrugs that are either rarely used or havebeen newly released on the market. Everydosage schedule or every form of applicationused is entirely at the user’s own risk andresponsibility. The authors and publishers re-quest every user to report to the publishersany discrepancies or inaccuracies noticed. Iferrors in this work are found after publication,errata will be posted at www.thieme.com onthe product description page.This book is an authorized and updated trans-lation of the 3rd German edition publishedand copyrighted 2003 by Georg Thieme Ver-lag, Stuttgart, Germany. Title of the Germanedition: Taschenatlas der BiochemieIllustrator: Juergen Wirth, Professor of VisualCommunication, University of Applied Scien-ces, Darmstadt, GermanyTranslator: Michael Robertson, BA DPhil,Augsburg, Germany1st Dutch edition 20041st English edition 19961st French edition 19942nd French edition 19993rd French edition 20041st German edition 19942nd German edition 19971st Greek edition 19991st Indonesian edition 20021st Italian edition 19971st Japanese edition 19961st Portuguese edition 20041st Russian edition 20001st Spanish edition 2004© 2005 Georg Thieme VerlagRüdigerstrasse 14, 70469 Stuttgart,GermanyThieme New York, 333 Seventh Avenue,New York, NY 10001 USACover design: Cyclus, StuttgartCover drawing: CAP cAMP bound to DNATypesetting by primustype Hurler GmbH,NotzingenPrinted in Germany by Appl, WemdingISBN 3-13-100372-3 (GTV)ISBN 1-58890-247-1 (TNY)Some of the product names, patents, and reg-istered designs referred to in this book are infact registered trademarks or proprietarynames even though specific reference to thisfact is not always made in the text. Therefore,the appearance of a name without designa-tion as proprietary is not to be construed as arepresentation by the publisher that it is inthe public domain.This book, including all parts thereof, is legallyprotected by copyright. Any use, exploitation,or commercialization outside the narrow lim-its set by copyright legislation, without thepublisher’s consent, is illegal and liable toprosecution. This applies in particular to pho-tostat reproduction, copying, mimeograph-ing, preparation of microfilms, and electronicdata processing and storage.VAbout the AuthorsJan Koolman (left) was born in Lübeck, Ger-many, and grew up with the sea wind blowingoff the Baltic. The high school he attended inthe Hanseatic city of Lübeck was one thatfocused on providing a classical education,which left its mark on him. From 1963 to1969, he studied biochemistry at the Univer-sity of Tübingen. He then took his doctorate(in the discipline of chemistry) at the Univer-sity of Marburg, under the supervision of bio-chemist Peter Karlson. In Marburg, he beganto study the biochemistry of insects and otherinvertebrates. He took his postdoctoral de-gree in 1977 in the field of human medicine,and was appointed Honorary Professor in1984. His field of study today is biochemicalendocrinology. His other interests include ed-ucational methods in biochemistry. He is cur-rently Dean of Studies in the Department ofMedicine in Marburg; he is married to an artteacher.Klaus-Heinrich Röhm (right) comes fromStuttgart, Germany. After graduating fromthe School of Protestant Theology in Urach—another institution specializing in classicalstudies—and following a period working inthe field of physics, he took a diploma in bio-chemistry at the University of Tübingen,where the two authors first met. Since 1970,he has also worked in the Department ofMedicine at the University of Marburg. Hetook his doctorate under the supervision ofFriedhelm Schneider, and his postdoctoral de-gree in 1980 was in the Department of Chem-istry. He has been an Honorary Professor since1986. His research group is concerned withthe structure and function of enzymes in-volved in amino acid metabolism. He is mar-ried to a biologist and has two children.Jürgen Wirth (center) studied in Berlin and atthe College of Design in Offenbach, Germany.His studies focused on free graphics and illus-tration, and his diploma topic was “The devel-opment and function of scientific illustration.”From 1963 to 1977, Jürgen Wirth was involvedin designing the exhibition space in theSenckenberg Museum of Natural History inFrankfurt am Main, while at the same timeworking as a freelance associate with severalpublishing companies, providing illustrationsfor schoolbooks, non-fiction titles, and scien-tific publications. He has received severalawards for book illustration and design. In1978, he was appointed to a professorship atthe College of Design in Schwäbisch Gmünd,Germany, and in 1986 he became Professor ofDesign at the Academy of Design in Darm-stadt, Germany. His specialist fields includescientific graphics/information graphics andillustration methods. He is married and hasthree children.VIPrefaceBiochemistry is a dynamic, rapidly growingfield, and the goal of this color atlas is toillustrate this fact visually. The precise boun-daries between biochemistry and relatedfields, such as cell biology, anatomy, physiol-ogy, genetics, and pharmacology, are dif cultto define and, in many cases, arbitrary. Thisoverlap is not coincidental. The object beingstudied is often the same—a nerve cell or amitochondrion, for example—and only thepoint of view differs.For a considerable period of its history, bio-chemistry was strongly influenced by chem-istry and concentrated on investigating met-abolic conversions and energy transfers. Ex-plaining the composition, structure, and me-tabolism of biologically important moleculeshas always been in the foreground. However,new aspects inherited from biochemistry’sother parent, the biological sciences, arenow increasingly being added: the relation-ship between chemical structure and biolog-ical function, the pathways of informationtransfer, observance of the ways in whichbiomolecules are spatially and temporally dis-tributed in cells and organisms, and an aware-ness of evolution as a biochemical process.These new aspects of biochemistry are boundto become more and more important.Owing to space limitations, we have concen-trated here on the biochemistry of humansand mammals, although the biochemistry ofother animals, plants, and microorganisms isno less interesting. In selecting the materialfor this book, we have put the emphasis onsubjects relevant to students of human med-icine. The main purpose of the atlas is to serveas an overview and to provide visual informa-tion quickly and ef ciently. Referring to text-books can easily fill any gaps. For readersencountering biochemistry for the first time,some of the plates may look rather complex. Itmust be emphasized, therefore, that the atlasis not intended as a substitute for a compre-hensive textbook of biochemistry.As the subject matter is often dif cult to vis-ualize, symbols, models, and other graphicelements had to be found that make compli-cated phenomena appear tangible. Thegraphics were designed conservatively, theaim being to avoid illustrations that mightlook too spectacular or exaggerated. Ourgoal was to achieve a visual and aestheticway of representing scientific facts that wouldbe simple and at the same time effective forteaching purposes. Use of graphics softwarehelped to maintain consistency in the use ofshapes, colors, dimensions, and labels, in par-ticular. Formulae and other repetitive ele-ments and structures could be handled easilyand precisely with the assistance of the com-puter.Color-coding has been used throughout to aidthe reader, and the key to this is given in twospecial color plates on the front and rear in-side covers. For example, in molecular modelseach of the more important atoms has a par-ticular color: gray for carbon, white for hydro-gen, blue for nitrogen, red for oxygen, and soon. The different classes of biomolecules arealso distinguished by color: proteins are al-ways shown in brown tones, carbohydrates inviolet, lipids in yellow, DNA in blue, and RNAin green. In addition, specific symbols areused for the important coenzymes, such asATP and NAD+. The compartments in whichbiochemical processes take place are color-coded as well. For example, the cytoplasm isshown in yellow, while the extracellular spaceis shaded in blue. Arrows indicating a chem-ical reaction are always black and those rep-resenting a transport process are gray.In terms of the visual clarity of its presenta-tion, biochemistry has still to catch up withanatomy and physiology. In this book, wesometimes use simplified ball-and-stick mod-els instead of the classical chemical formulae.In addition, a number of compounds are rep-resented by space-filling models. In thesecases, we have tried to be as realistic as pos-sible. The models of small molecules arebased on conformations calculated by com-puter-based molecular modeling. In illustrat-ing macromolecules, we used structural infor- [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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